The characteristics of decal ceramics and hand-painted ceramics

There are two kinds of pictures on porcelain: decals and hand-painted ones. Porcelain decals are made by printing patterns on paper and affixing them to ceramics. The hand-painted paintings are hand-drawn.
Ceramic decals are the use of paste method to move the color pattern on the paper to the ceramic body or glaze. Decals (also known as "moving flowers", is the meaning of removing flowers and picking up wood) can be divided into several kinds of glaze appliques and underglaze appliques. Glazed appliques include film removal, water appliques, and glue appliques. Underglaze decals are printed on the decals only on the outline of the pattern, after the printing and manual coloring; also a one-time paste line color, said with water decals. There are two types of decals: paper and plastic film. The use of paper decals must be followed by uncovering paper, washing and other processes. Afterwards, a thin-film paper is invented. It is not necessary to uncover paper and other processes, and it is convenient for mechanization and continuous operation. Mass production.
Decal is one of the most widely used decorative techniques for modern ceramics. It is the use of color patterns on flower papers that are affixed to ceramic bodies or glazes for mass production, thereby reducing costs and prices. With the advancement of science and technology, the decal process has become increasingly sophisticated. The advanced decal ceramics have long since gotten out of the bad old inferior image and have a very good decorative and artistic quality. Can not be arbitrarily thought that all hand-painted ceramics than the stickers of advanced, if the author's hand-painted level is limited, even the hand-painted works can not be on the table, can not get it. As a practical ceramic for everyday life, applique ceramics are produced in batches, streamlined, time-saving, and relatively inexpensive. But as a collectible, applique ceramics are not of great value. Because ceramics are fragile, it is easy to bump and damage the collection process, and special care must be taken. If the collection is a decal ceramic, because of the large number of products, the appreciation potential is not great, but also spend the same energy to care about it, not worth it, so the collection should try to avoid decals.
Ceramics are divided into glaze appliques and underglaze appliques, water appliques. Decals are also divided into glazes and underglazes. Because of the different firing temperatures, they cannot be mixed. Glaze printing includes ceramic decal paper printing, enamel printing and glass color glaze printing. Among them, the use of ceramic decals is the most important one. Ceramics are mostly handicrafts, floral fish and insects on the top, clear water and blue sky, vivid, safflower green leaves, colorful, beautiful, beauty and beauty, eye-catching, eye-catching.
Ceramic printing paper belongs to special printing. It is said to be special because:
1, ceramic decal paper printing ink is different from the general printing ink;
2. The substrates used for printing ceramic decals are also different from ordinary printing papers.
3. The coloration principle of ceramic decal paper printing is different from the color printing principle of printing yellow, magenta, and blue three-color overprint.
Ceramic enthusiasts know that hand-painting and decals are by no means the same thing. Pure hand-made porcelain is of high value, because it is unique, and artistic porcelain is a commodity. Of course, it is rare. Pure handcraft includes two aspects: hand-made billet and hand-painting. It is an art of inheriting ceramic techniques and techniques. From the drawing machine type to the painting pattern, they are created by the ceramic artist. The hand-painted painting is done by the artist himself. The hand-drawing will take into account the layout and the meaning of the entire drawing. The painting must be delicate, the composition must be full, and the colors must be abundant. Therefore, pure hand work porcelain has more artistic features and artistic beauty, so the collection potential is great. Here are a few easy-to-learn methods for identifying decals and hand-painted porcelain:
1, pure hand-painted refers to the hand directly on the ceramic painting, rather than hand-painted refers to the decals, impressions and so on.
Decal is the copy of the computer plate printed on the ceramic, symmetrical and neat, uniform thickness, but it looks rather dull, there is no movement and air. Look at the picture with a magnifying glass or with the naked eye. You will find that the decal pattern is made up of a lot of mesh dots and there are obvious machine-made traces. Visually, the porcelain applique pattern is very rough, the content is very hard, the color is boring, not bright, there is no rich sense, the composition is not full, the three-dimensional feeling is not strong, and the beauty is greatly reduced.
2. There are no two pieces of hand-painted works that are exactly the same. Purely hand-painted porcelain screens are smooth, light and shadeless, with free and easy lines that are natural and realistic. If you look closely at the symmetrical or the same pattern, each part is basically consistent with decals, and the hand-painted ones must not be completely consistent. It is important to observe this carefully. Using the same set of cups for comparison, if the shapes are exactly the same and the paintings are consistent, then it can be concluded that the applique is definitive. The thickness of the hand-painted pattern is patchwork and varies in shades of color. In the identification, it mainly depends on whether the painting is skillful and smooth, whether the pattern is clear and delicate, whether the color is shiny and transparent, and whether the decorative color is rich and gorgeous. Underglazed decoration generally pay attention to brushwork freehand brushwork, must be hand-drawn, not printed, decals, and the color should be bright.
Most of the hand-painted works are orphans of different shapes and shapes. Even people are different in shape. Compared with replicas, hand-painted works are more vivid, artistic expression is stronger, and the color changes are larger and thicker.
3, blue and white underglaze applique is difficult to distinguish, hand-painted due to different efforts, the color will appear inconsistent depth, applique is difficult to do, this is also an important identification points. The color of the underglaze applique is generally not rich enough, mostly blue-and-white, and the pastel decals are all glazed, and the two are well distinguished. There is still a kind of semi-painted porcelain between the decals and the hand-painted ones. It is the first time to paste lines and then fill or dip water. It can also be distinguished by the above methods, but there is no certain experience and it is not easy to distinguish. The porcelain made from the blue and white water craft can be judged not to be a decal.
4, see decorative pattern. There are a lot of porcelain, the upper, lower, left and right edges often have a decorative pattern. The pattern of decals will generally have three defects: pattern overlap, misalignment, and gaps in joints. It is easier to find on circular ceramics such as cylinders, bowls, cups, and bottles.
The hand-painted pattern looks smooth, delicate, vivid colors, full of water, strong three-dimensional sense; decals look flat, rigid, not vivid.
5, look at the phenomenon of lack of color sometimes, like being bitten by insects. This is due to the fact that the decals were removed during the transfer process or during the operation of some of the ceramic pigments on the decals, but not necessarily on every piece of porcelain. Care must be taken to find them.
6, spherical geometry of the porcelain (such as the big sky bottle), a large area of continuous graphics painted on the complete figure, flowers and birds, landscape, generally not decals, otherwise there will be folding phenomenon.
For porcelain with a spherical geometry, its decals are often composed of pieces of decals, such as landscape paintings. For the overall effect, they are also hand-painted with complementary patterns. This will result in the same color (such as blue-and-white color), hand-painted and decals appear different shades. Such as bottles, circle decoration lines are drawn by hand, the color is often different from the same color of the decals.
7, decals and hand-painted porcelain appear at the same time, in the upper and lower decorative pattern with decals, the main parts of the hand-painting. However, this kind of hand-painting involves the use of carbon paper on the billet or porcelain, and then artificially colored. The fish tank uses this method more. Wherever there is an appliqué on porcelain, the price of this porcelain cannot be too expensive, because the value of its collection is greatly reduced, because a good china will not use a decal process, otherwise it will cause great waste. Most of the porcelain bodies that are decorated with decals are relatively rough, and the quality of kaolin used is also not good, and the quality of the fetal material is very fine, smooth and delicate.
There are many places where decals are used, such as various dishes, bowls, tea sets, flower pots, all kinds of fish tanks, all kinds of large vases, and small vases.
8, judging from the color. Regardless of the glaze and underglaze decals, in terms of process, the thickness of ceramic pigments is limited, and the depth of color is not easy to solve. For a certain color, such as yellow, there will be a phenomenon in which the color is uniform across the entire screen. It is important to carefully observe this difference.
9, there is a method is a ceramic printing, but also a method of ceramic art: (1) with a decorative pattern engraved impressions, printed on the green tires have not yet dried. (2) Blanks are stamped with patterned patterns to leave a pattern on the blank. (3) Engraved with decorative patterns, printed decorative patterns, and artificial colors, this is different from the decals, but also belongs to the hand-drawn.
10. There are exceptions to everything. Chaozhou porcelain is currently seen as decals. In addition, Jingdezhen porcelain Chaozhou decals are also common.
Ceramic collectors need to have a certain ability to identify ceramics, otherwise it is likely to spend money to buy a good porcelain, the price is not the higher the better, because the eyesight is also very important. This post discusses the main differences between hand-painted ceramics and decals, and hopes to help everyone.