1. In the raw materials, it breaks through the boundary of traditional ceramics with clay as the main raw material. Special ceramics generally use oxides, nitrides, silicides, borides and carbides as the main raw materials. The main difference is that the various chemical compositions, morphology, particle size and distribution of fine ceramic raw materials can be precisely controlled.
2. In terms of composition, the composition of traditional ceramics is determined by the composition of the clay, so ceramics of different origins and kiln have different textures. Since the raw materials of special ceramics are pure compounds, the composition is determined by artificial ratio, and the quality of the raw materials is determined by the purity and process of the raw materials, not by the place of production.
3. In the preparation process, advanced methods such as isostatic pressing, injection molding and vapor deposition are used to obtain a uniform and relatively accurate density of the blank, and the density of the green body is also greatly improved; the sintering method breaks through the tradition. Ceramics use the kiln as the main production means, widely used vacuum sintering, protective atmosphere sintering, hot pressing, hot static pressure, reaction sintering and self-propagating high-temperature sintering.
4. In terms of performance, special ceramics have different special properties and functions, such as high strength, high hardness, corrosion resistance, electrical conductivity, insulation, and special functions in magnetic, electrical, optical, acoustic, and biological engineering. It is widely used in high temperature, mechanical, electronic, aerospace, medical engineering.
The fundamental difference between fine ceramics and traditional ceramics is that they can be strictly controlled from the selection of raw materials and subsequent manufacturing processes, and ceramic materials with different performance requirements that are actually needed can be manufactured.
